called怎么读 upon怎么读
Unit 5 词汇及语法详解
一、单词 ( 音标 )
名词
rainstorm [ˈreɪnstɔ:m] 暴风雨
alarm [əˈlɑ:m] 闹钟
storm [stɔ:m] 暴风雨
wind [waɪnd] 风
light [laɪt] 电灯
report [rɪˈpɔ:t] 报告
area ['eərɪə] 地区
wood [wʊd] 树木，木材
window [ˈwɪndəʊ] 窗户
flashlight ['flæʃlaɪt] 手电筒
match [mætʃ] 火柴
passage [ˈpæsɪdʒ] 段落
pupil [ˈpju:pl] 学生
silence [ˈsaɪləns] 寂静
date [deɪt] 日期
tower [ˈtaʊə(r)] 塔
truth [tru:θ] 真相
terrorist [ˈterərɪst] 恐怖分子
kid [kɪd] (口语) 小孩
动词
go off (闹钟)发出响声
begin [bɪˈɡɪn] 开始
pick up 接电话 ( = pick up the phone)
light [laɪt] 点燃
beat [bi:t] 敲打，打败
fall asleep 进入梦乡，睡着
die down 逐渐变弱，逐渐消失
rise [raɪz] 上升
have a look 看一看
kid [kɪd] 开玩笑，欺骗
realize [ˈri:əlaɪz] 认识到
make one's way 前往
take down 拆除
形容词
heavily [ˈhevɪli] 大量地
suddenly [ˈsʌdənli] 突然地
strange [streɪndʒ] 奇怪的
asleep [əˈsli:p] 睡着的
fallen [ˈfɔ:lən] 倒下的
icy [ˈaɪsi] 覆盖着冰的
completely [kəmˈpli:tli] 完全地
shocked [ʃɑːkt] 震惊的
副词
against [əˈɡenst] 反对
apart [əˈpɑ:t] 分开
in silence 沉默地
recently [ˈri:sntli] 最近
at first 首先
二、 重点短语
1. 确定: make sure; 确认: confirm
2. 拍打: beat against...
3. 入睡: fall asleep; 睡着: go to sleep
4. 逐渐减弱: die down; 逐渐消失: fade away
5. 醒来: wake up
6. 一团糟: in a mess
7. 使...分离: break...apart
8. 在困难时期: in times of difficulty
9. 当...的时候: at the time of
10. (闹钟)响: go off
11. 洗热水澡: take a hot shower
12. 错过公交车: miss the bus
13. 接电话: pick up (the phone)
14. 使...靠拢: bring... together
15. 在该地区: in the area
16. 错过事件: miss the event
17. 在路边: by the side of the road
18. 动物保护热线: the Animal Helpline
19. 走过: walk by
20. 前往: make one’s way to....
21. 听到消息: hear the news
22. 历史上的重大事件: important events in history
23. 例如: for example
24. 被杀害: be killed
25. 超过50岁: over 50 (years old)
26. 小学生: a school pupil
27. 通过广播: on the radio
28. 沉默地: in silence
29. 最近: more recently
30. 世贸中心: the World Trade Center
31. 拆除: take down; 摧毁: destroy
32. 对…有意义: have meaning to
33. 记得做过某事: remember doing sth.
34. 起初: at first
三、重点句型
1. 询问过去某时正在进行的动作：
— What were you doing at eight last night? 昨晚8点你在干什么？
— I was taking a shower. 我在洗淋浴。
2. when 引导时间状语从句，叙述过去某个时间点正在发生的事情：
When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner. 当开始下雨的时候，本正在帮他妈妈做晚饭。
3. while 引导时间状语从句，表示两个过去进行时动作同时发生:
— What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在干什么？
— While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。
英语学习笔记 - 修改版
为了使内容更清晰易懂，对原文进行了如下修改：
1. 表示“到达”的几个词组:
arrive at: 到达 (较小的地方)
arrive in: 到达 (较大的地方)
reach: 到达
get to: 到达
注意:
以上四个词组意思相近，多数情况下可以互换使用。如：
I arrived in Beijing last night. = I reached Beijing last night. = I got to Beijing last night. (我昨晚到达了北京。)
当宾语是 here, there, home 等副词时，通常省略 at/in/to。如：
arrive here/there/home
get here/there/home
2. in front of 与 in the front of 的区别:
in front of…: 在……的前面 (指某一范围之外的前面)
in the front of…: 在……的前面 (指某一范围之内的前面)
例如:
There are some big trees in front of the classroom building. (在教室外面的前面有一些大树。)
I like sitting in the front of the taxi. (我喜欢坐在出租车内部的前排位置。)
3. take off 的常见用法:
(1) 起飞
例句: When did the plane take off yesterday? (飞机昨天什么时候起飞的？)
(2) 脱下 (衣帽等)
例句: He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room. (他一进房间就脱掉了外套。)
(3) 取消
例句: They will take off the 5 am train. (他们将取消早上 5 点的火车。)
4. get out of 与 get off 的区别:
get out (of) …: 从……离开/出去/下来，用法比较广泛。
例句: A car stopped and a girl got out of it. (一辆汽车停了下来，一个女孩从车里走了出来).
get off…: 从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来。
用法更具体，强调从交通工具上下来。
5. follow 的几个意思:
(1) 跟随
例句: I followed him up the hill. (我跟着他上了山。)
(2) 沿着……前进
例句: Follow this road until you get to the post office. (沿着这条路一直走到邮局。)
(3) 听懂，理解
例句: Could you speak more slowly? I can’t follow you. (你能说慢点吗？我听不懂。)
(4) follow sb. to do sth.: 跟着某人做某事
例句: Please follow me to read the story. (请跟我读这个故事。)
6. shout at 和 shout to 的区别:
shout at: 大声喊叫，多指因生气而非善意的大声叫喊
例句: Don’t shout at the little boy. He is too young. (不要对那个小男孩大喊大叫，他还太小。)
shout to: 大声喊叫，多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊
例句: We should shout to him, or he can’t hear us. (我们应该朝他喊叫，否则他听不到我们说话。)
7. happen 和 take place 的区别:
happen: 发生， 指具体事件偶然的、没有预见的发生
(1) happen to do sth.: 碰巧做某事
例句: I happened to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday. (昨天我在公园碰巧遇见了我的一位老朋友。)
(2) sth. happens to sb.: 某人发生了某事
例句: A car accident happened to him last month. (上个月他出了车祸。)
take place: 发生，指按计划进行或按计划发生
(1) (指变化) 发生
例句: Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. (近年来中国发生了巨大的变化。)
(2) (运动/活动/会议等) 举行
例句: The meeting will take place next Friday. (会议将于下周五举行。)
与 take 相关的词组：
take the place of: 代替，取代
例句: Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal. (塑料有时可以代替木材和金属。)
take one’s place: 坐某人的位置，代替某人的职务
例句: Come to take my place, my seat is near the window. (来坐我的位置，我的座位靠近窗户。)
8. anywhere, somewhere 和 everywhere 的区别:
anywhere: 任何地方，常用于否定句或疑问句中
例句: Did you go anywhere last night? (你昨晚去过其他地方吗？)
somewhere: 某个地方，用于肯定句
例句: Come and see me. Then we’ll go out somewhere. (来我家找我，然后我们出去逛逛。)
everywhere: 处处，到处 = here and there
例句: I can’t find my pen though I looked for it everywhere. (尽管我到处都找遍了，还是找不到我的钢笔。)
9. silence 和 silent 的区别:
silence: 名词，寂静/无声
例句: There’s nothing but silence in the room. (房间里一片寂静。)
Keep in silence. (保持沉默)
silent: 形容词，沉默的，寂静的
例句: The old house was quite silent. (这栋老房子寂静无声。)
例句: The cat moved on silent feet. (那只猫悄无声息地走动着。)
10. hear 的常见用法:
hear: 听到
例句: Can you hear someone knocking at the door? (你听到有人敲门了吗？)
hear of: 听说，后接表示人或物的词
例句: I have never heard of that writer. (我从未听说过那位作家。)
总结
本文对原文进行了结构调整和内容修改，使其更简洁清晰、易于阅读和理解。保留了原文的 html 标签，方便您进行排版和编辑。
英文语法知识点整理 (修改版)
为了提升阅读体验，我对您的内容进行了以下调整：
合并相关知识点： 将分散的语法点整合在一起，方便学习者理解和记忆。
优化排版： 采用更清晰的标题和列表格式，提升内容的可读性。
添加例句： 在一些知识点下补充更多例句，帮助学习者巩固理解。
以下是修改后的内容：
1. hear 的常见用法
hear + 名词/代词 (宾语) + 动词原形 (表示听到某人/物做了某事)
> I heard him sing a song just now. 我刚才听到他唱歌了。
hear of 听说 (后接表示人或事的名词)
> I have never heard of him before. 我以前从来没有听说过他。
> I’ve just heard about his illness. 我刚刚听说他生病的事。
> Have you heard about the accident ? 你听说了那场事故吗?
hear from 收到某人的来信
> I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday. 我昨天收到在纽约的女儿的来信。
2. 最高级结构：one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 + in / of 短语
> …… 是……中最……的……之一.
例句：
This was one of the most important events in modern American history. 这是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。
Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China. 厦门是中国最漂亮的城市之一。
3. experience 的用法
(1) 名词
经验 (不可数)
> Have you had any experience of fishing? 你有钓鱼的经验吗?
经历，体验 (可数)
> Could you tell us about your experiences in Africa? 你能给我们谈谈你在非洲的经历吗?
(2) 动词 经历, 感觉
> The children experienced many difficulties this time. 这次孩子们经历了许多困难.
(3) experienced 形容词 有经验的
> be experienced in/at doing sth. = have much experience in/at doing sth. 做某事很有经验.
> She is an experienced teacher. 他是一个经验丰富的教师。
> He is very experienced in/at repairing cars. 他修车很有经验。
4. 比较结构：as ... as ...
基本结构: as + 形容词/副词原级 + as ... 和…… 一样…
> He works as carefully as she. 他和她一样工作认真。
> She is as tall as her mother. 她和母亲一样高。
否定结构: not as… as… 不如某人/某物…
> He isn’t as / so old as he looks . 他不像看起来那么老。
> She doesn’t run as / so fast as her brother. 她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。
5. 表达"玩得开心"的几种方式
have fun = have a good/great/wonderful time = enjoy oneself
> Did you have fun at the party? 昨天在派对上玩的开心吗？
>= Did you have a good/great/wonderful time ?
>= Did you enjoy yourself ?
have fun doing sth. 开心做某事
> I’m just having fun playing the guitar . 我正开心的弹吉他呢。
6. accident 的用法
名词 事故, 意外遭遇
> He was killed in an accident. 他死于一起意外事故.
常见搭配: traffic accident 交通事故
> Many people die in traffic accidents every year. 每年有很多人死于交通事故。
介词短语: by accident 偶然, 意外地
> We met at the airport by accident . 我们偶然在机场遇见。
7. think about, think of, think over 的区别
think about: 考虑 (某个计划 )
> They are thinking about moving to Beijing. 他们考虑搬去北京。
think of: 认为, 想起
> What do you think of the movie?= how do you like the movie? 你认为这部电影怎么样?
think over: 仔细思考
> We need a few days to think over this matter. 我们需要几天时间来考虑这个事情。
8. 感叹句
what 引导的感叹句
> 结构: what + ( a/an ) + 形容词 + 名词 ( + 主语 + 谓语) + !
> 注意: 名词为不可数名词或复数名词时, 形容词前面不能有 a/an。
例句:
What a beautiful girl (she is )! 多么美的姑娘呀 !
What a clever boy ( he is )! 多么聪明的男孩呀 !
What interesting pictures ( they are )! 多么美的图片呀 !
What tall buildings ( they are )! 多么高的楼呀 !
What delicious food ( it is ) ! 多么可口的食物呀 !
What bad weather ( it is ) ! 多么坏的天气呀 !
how 引导的感叹句
> 结构: How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语 + !
例句:
How heavy the box is! 多么重的箱子呀!
How fast he runs! 他跑得多快呀!
How careful the girl is! 多么细心的姑娘呀!
How well she plays the piano! 她的钢琴弹得多好呀!
9. 过去进行时 (可根据您的需要补充具体内容)
探秘英语过去进行时
还记得那些发生在过去的精彩瞬间吗？让我们一起用英语“过去进行时”来重温吧！
捕捉过去进行时的精彩瞬间
想象一下，你正在讲述昨天早上发生的事情：
- ⏰ “What were you doing at 8:30 this morning? ” （今天早上8点半你正在做什么？
- 🍽️ “When I called him, he was having dinner.” （当我打电话给他时，他正在吃饭。
看，过去进行时就像一部摄像机，记录下过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。
回放过去进行时的持续画面
除了定格瞬间，过去进行时还能描述过去一段时间内持续进行的动作，就像一部延时摄影，展现事件的完整过程：
- 🕰️ “What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday?” （你昨天7点到9点在做什么？
- 📚 “I was reading the whole morning yesterday.” （我昨天一整个早上都在看书。
轻松掌握过去进行时的语法
想要用英语讲述你自己的过去进行时故事吗？很简单！
- ✅ 肯定句： 主语 + was/were + 动词ing + 其他
- ❌ 否定句： 主语 + was/were + not + 动词ing + 其他
- ❓ 疑问句： Was/Were + 主语 + 动词ing + 其他？
- 👍 肯定回答： Yes, 主语 + was/were.
- 👎 否定回答： No, 主语 + was/were + not.
掌握了这些小技巧，你就能用流利的英语讲述你自己的过去进行时故事啦！
